Engineering laboratory
- Windows desktop application
- Human-reviewable UI and evidence
- Source-visible deterministic logic
- Generic behavioral relay/test-set timing profile
- Virtual output only
- No hard-real-time or calibration guarantee
Reference challenge
Lightweight Virtual Protective Relay
Public bibliographic metadata identifies Abdulmueen Alrashide's paper Lightweight Virtual Protective Relay, presented at the 2024 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. The associated public dissertation abstract describes a virtualization approach that abstracts hardware and uses CPU isolation for application-based execution requiring security, speed, and reliability.
Bibliographic record
Abdulmueen Alrashide, “Lightweight Virtual Protective Relay,” 2024 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), pp. 1–6, 2024. DOI: 10.1109/IAS55788.2024.11023755.
The comparison below uses public bibliographic/dissertation-summary information plus current ARVREL source and documentation. It does not infer unpublished implementation details.
Current overlap
ARVREL covers multiple software-defined protection and control chains.
| Research question | ARVREL beta.6 answer | Evidence route |
|---|---|---|
| Can software subscribe to IEC 61850 Sampled Values? | Yes: authorized live Npcap capture and PCAP/PCAPNG replay through the pinned ARIEC61850 engine. | Capabilities |
| Can samples become protection quantities? | Yes: documented nominal-frequency complete-window fundamental phasor estimation and sequence/residual quantities. | AN-01 |
| Can a virtual source exercise a relay/test-set loop? | Yes: beta.6 models source, analog wiring, causal relay acquisition, protection, relay contacts, virtual binary wiring, and independent TESTSET BI timing. | Architecture |
| Can software implement feeder and transformer protection? | Yes: feeder 50/51/67/27/59/59N plus two-winding 87T, 87T-HS, and REF HV/LV within documented generic models. | Protection coverage |
| Can software model an AVR/OLTC IED? | Yes: virtual transformer plant, 17-position OLTC, authority/interlocks, reports, and laboratory MMS controls. | AVR/OLTC coverage |
| Can operation remain reviewable? | Yes: settings identity, trust, operated element, timing events, TESTSET BI evidence, virtual controls, and exportable evidence. | Evidence and trust |
Non-equivalence
ARVREL does not inherit deployment-oriented or calibrated-equipment claims.
Not established by beta.6
- CPU-isolated production execution
- Real-time kernel or deterministic scheduler qualification
- Bounded end-to-end hardware latency proof
- Calibrated test-set uncertainty
- Manufacturer-specific relay hardware equivalence
- Operational GOOSE or physical trip output
Transformer Differential status
87T is now implemented; the remaining research question is fidelity depth.
Beta.6 includes multi-stream Transformer Differential evaluation with CT/rating/polarity/vector compensation, 87T restraint, 87T-HS, REF HV/LV with independent neutral/NGR inputs, H2/H5 security, context-gated external-fault/CT-saturation behavior, deterministic self-test, synchronized internal two-sided injection, and paired external SV analysis.
01Synchronized HV/LV sources
02Winding and CT normalization
03Vector-group compensation
04Differential/restraint quantities
0587T / 87T-HS / REF
06Harmonic and CT-security context
07Trust and evidence
Remaining boundary: this is a vendor-neutral behavioral model. Device-specific transformer relay equivalence requires measured manufacturer/hardware evidence.
Additional references
Context for SV testing, corrupted frames, and digital-substation validation.
- D. R. Gurusinghe, S. Kariyawasam, and D. S. Ouellette, “Testing of IEC 61850 sampled values based digital substation automation systems,” The Journal of Engineering, 2018. DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.0165.
- Â. F. Sartori et al., “Performance Analysis of Overcurrent Protection under Corrupted Sampled Value Frames: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 8, 3386, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/en16083386.
- A. Alrashide, Digital Transformation for Power Substation Network Security and Space Efficiency Through Virtual Protective Relay, doctoral dissertation, 2024. Public record: hdl:20.500.14154/75514.
Citation boundary: inclusion identifies related subject matter; it does not imply endorsement, validated interoperability, reproduced results, or equivalence.
Accurate current statement
What ARVREL can say in beta.6.
ARVREL implements a transparent virtual protection/control laboratory with closed-loop external-I/O timing, IEC 61850 Sampled Values analysis, feeder and transformer protection, AVR/OLTC simulation, laboratory MMS, trust gating, and deterministic software evidence. It does not claim calibrated test-equipment accuracy, manufacturer-specific hardware equivalence, CPU-isolated production deployment, hard-real-time guarantees, conformance certification, or operational output authority.